Electronics Skills and Applications for Utilities Courses

Component Testers

Course #: 086062
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: AC Principles (Block A22); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: Identify the type of Component Testers for such "piece parts" as Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors; Calculate Turns Ratio; Show the correct connection scheme for testing Diodes, SCRS, and Transistors; Relate proper Soldering and Desoldering techniques; Cite the safety procedures to be used when handling Electronic Chemicals and Lubricants.

Special Notes: This updated course replaces course B0105.

Digital Test Equipment

Course #: 086063
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: AC Principles (Block A22); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: Cite the use of Binary Math in Digital Circuits; Identify various types of Gate Circuits; Explain the use of a Logic Probe; Relate the differences between an Oscilloscope and a Logic Analyzer.

Special Notes: This updated course replaces course B0106.

Reactive Circuits

Course #: Block B22
Duration: 15 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: This block explains how electronic circuits, resistors, capacitors and inductors, work in DC and AC circuits. Methods for determining impedance, reactance and phase angle are introduced. The student will learn to recognize the resonant circuit condition and understand how these special circuits are used. Resonant circuit applications such as coupled circuit traps, filters and transmission lines are discussed. The student's troubleshooting skills are expanded. The proportional method of estimating voltage is covered. The concepts of impedance matching and maximum power transfer are explained.
Components: Reactance and Impedance (086037); Resonant Circuits (086038); Applications and Troubleshooting of Resonant Circuits (086039);
Special Notes: This updated course replaces Reactive Circuits, Block B02. Each study unit contains a progress exam.

Reactance and Impedance

Course #: 086037
Duration: 5 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Define capacitive and inductive reactance.

Explain how resistors, capacitors and inductors work in DC circuits.

Calculate time relationships in circuits.

Determine reactive and impedance values for series and parallel AC circuits.

Calculate the values of voltage, current, and impedance in RC, RL, and RLC circuits.

Determine the voltage-current phase angle relationships in capacitive and inductive circuits.

Work with J operators to analyze circuit behavior.

Resonant Circuits

Course #: 086038
Duration: 5 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Recognize the conditions required for series and parallel resonance.

Cite the factors affecting capacitive reactance and inductive reactance in series and parallel circuits.

Determine the resonant frequencies of LC series and LCR parallel circuits.

Calculate the value of the quality (Q) factor and bandwith of a circuit..

Describe the relationship between Q and bandwidth.

Describe the practical uses for tuned circuits.

Applications and Troubleshooting of Resonant Circuits

Course #: 086039
Duration: 5 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Learn how to estimate voltage for troubleshooting AC and DC circuits.

Explain the need for impedance matching and how it is accomplished.

Identify the circuits for low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and power-supply filters.

Interpret a filter's characteristic curve.

Determine cut-off frequency for various filters.

Select the particular type of series or parallel-tuned circuit for certain applications.

Explain how transmission lines are related to resonant circuits and waveguides.

Explain how transmission lines are used as components in tuned circuits.

Electronics Workbench Lab Manual: Reactive Circuits (Block B22)

Course #: 387016C
Duration: 10 hours
Course Prerequisites: Electronics Workbench. (086800); Reactive Circuits (Block B22);
What Students Learn: Students will complete lab exercises and troubleshooting problems using the Electronics Workbench software (Versions 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0). This lab manual will provide experience using the many simulated instruments that are part of the software package. Troubleshooting simulations using reasonant circuits, coupled circuit traps, filters and transmission lines are included in these exercises. The manual includes the basic operational instructions for the Workbench software and Windows.

Analog Electronic Components

Course #: Block B23
Duration: 42 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: This seven unit block provides a detailed theory into the workings of common electronic components and circuits. Different types of diodes, transistors, switching devices and tubes are covered. The trainee learns to perform circuit measurement tests and troubleshooting techniques for each component.
Components: Basic Semiconductor Components: Diodes (086019); Basic Semiconductor Components: Transistors (086020); Switching Devices (086021); Electronic Sensors (086022); Special Rectifiers: Electron Tubes (086023); Optoelectronic and Fiber Optic Components (086024); Electronics Hardware (086040);
Special Notes: This updated course replaces Electronic Components, Block B03. Each study unit contains a progress examination.

Basic Semiconductor Components: Diodes

Course #: 086019
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Describe how diodes work in a rectifier and how to determine if they are working properly.

Explain how different types of diodes function.

List a variety of diode uses in electronic systems.

List the characteristics that make a particular diode useful in a given situation.

Know how a diode works with other components in an electronic circuit.

Perform basic measurements in diode circuits, that will assist in troubleshooting tests.

Select a proper diode for replacement in a circuit.

Basic Semiconductor Components: Transistors

Course #: 086020
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Learn how transistors control the flow of electricity in a circuit.

Describe the construction of bipolar transistors.

Explain how the operation of bipolar transistors resembles that of the diode.

Discuss how biopolar transistors can control and amplify current in a circuit.

Describe the construction and operation of JFETs and MOSFETs.

How to use an ohmmeter to perform basic tests on bipolar transistors.

Perform basic troubleshooting measurements and calculations on circuits that contain amplifying devices.

Switching Devices

Course #: 086021
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Learn how a switch changes:
- voltage levels and current levels.
- the DC polarity of the delivered voltage.
- the direction of direct current.
- from one delivered frequency to another.

Describe how the above functions can be performed by mechanical switches or by electronic circuitry.

List the advantages and disadvantages of various switch types and how they function..

Analyze basic relay ladder diagrams.

Explain how a diode can be used as a switch.

Name some of the problems of diode switching.

Describe how very rapid electronic switching is accomplished.

Explain the circumstances in which a mechanical switch may be preferable to a rapid electronic switch.

Electronic Sensors

Course #: 086022
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Learn how certain electronic components are used as sensors and as parts in control mechanisms.

Explain what sensors and transducers do.

Describe important thermoelectric effects.

Learn how these types of transducers operate and the effects they cause; electromagnetic, electroacoustical. piezoelectric, photoelectric, and electromechanical.

Explain the importance of a bridge circuit in certain types of electronic instrumentation.

Describe how certain nonlinear resistors are used in circuits.

Explain how certain components can be used as protection devices for circuits.

Define the scientific terms stress and strain.

Special Rectifiers: Electron Tubes

Course #: 086023
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Learn how electron tubes work and how to troubleshoot tubes when necessary.

Identify the four different methods of obtaining electronic emission.

Explain how vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes operate.

Learn how the following special purpose tubes work: Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs), Transmitter Tubes, Image Orthicon Tubes, Vidicon Tubes.

Describe how a triode uses a control grid to control electron flow.

Explain why a screen grid is used in a tetrode.

Describe the function of a suppressor grid in a pentode.

Describe how electron beams are controlled in a cathode ray tube (CRT).

Understand half-wave and full-wave rectification.

How to select a diode for replacement in a circuit.

Troubleshoot a half-wave rectifier power supply.

Optoelectronic and Fiber Optic Components

Course #: 086024
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

An introduction to the high technology field of optoelectronics.

Discuss the theory and applications of the components used in this field; compact discs, bar code readers, lasers, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and light activated diodes (LADs).

Explain why electronics and optics are natural partners.

Identify the modern theories of light and the relationship to optoelectronic applications.

Describe the basic theory of light communications.

Learn how a fiber optic communications system works.

Describe the operation of electron microscopes and their advantage over optical microscopes.

Explain how fluorescent light and other light sources operate.

Electronics Hardware

Course #: 086040
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Learn the uses and applications of these components that are critical to the repair and maintenance of an analog circuit or system: fasteners, connectors, jacks, component sockets, cables, strain gages, relays, wires, heat shrink tubing, batteries and UPSs.

How to construct a circuit board for a personal computer.

Learn correct and safe soldering techniques.

Understand surface mount technology.

Basic Electronic Circuits

Course #: Block B24
Duration: 48 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: This block describes how components are grouped in industrial electronic circuits to perform particular functions or achieve certain circuit characteristics. The trainee will learn how power is supplied to and rectified for use in electronic equipment. The block also explains how signals are produced, transmitted, received, evaluated, and utilized in common industrial electronic applications. Biasing, circuit parameters, component selection (value and rating), and the respective advantages / disadvantages of each are covered.
Components: Rectifiers and Power Supplies (086041); Amplifiers (086042); Oscillators (086043); Modulation and Detection Circuits (086044); Switching Circuits (086054); Logic Circuits (086055); Gating and Counting Circuits (086056); Pulse and Digital Circuits (086057);
Special Notes: This updated course replaces Basic Electronic Circuits, Block B04. Each study unit contains a progress examination.

Rectifiers and Power Supplies

Course #: 086041
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Identify the basic types of rectifiers.

Discuss the operation of various power supply filters.

Cite the advantages for different rectifier connection schemes.

Determine the values for a voltage divider.

Explain how voltage dividers are used in power supplies.

Determine the current through, and voltage across, nonlinear components, such as diodes.

Amplifiers

Course #: 086042
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Indicate the advantages of various classes of transistor amplifier operation.

Calculate the dB gain of an amplifier circuit.

Identify the several types of transistor amplifier circuits.

Show the proper polarity for NPN and PNP transistor connections.

Explain the methods used for biasing a transistor.

Describe the types of distortion introduced by amplifiers.

Explain how to troubleshoot amplifiers.

Oscillators

Course #: 086043
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Explain the differences between several types of oscillator circuits.

Identify the feedback components of an oscillator circuit, including LC and RC types.

Describe the flywheel effect and how it is produced.

Indicate the principle difference between various oscillator circuits.

Calculate the resonant frequency of an oscillator circuit.

Describe the effects of temperature on crystal oscillators.

Discuss various applications of oscillator circuits.

Describe how a frequency synthesizer works.

Modulation and Detection Circuits

Course #: 086044
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Describe the various types of detector circuits.

Explain the various forms of modulation.

Calculate bandwidth of signals.

Determine the frequencies resulting from combining or mixing two signals.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of pulse code modulation.

Explain the operation and applications of phase locked loops.

Indicate applications of detector and modulation circuits.

Switching Circuits

Course #: 086054
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Match the output conditions for various gate circuits.

Show how transistors are used as logic gates.

Discuss the operation of flip flops.

Name the applications of registers and memories.

Indicate the proper output for a specific multivibrator circuit.

Logic Circuits

Course #: 086055
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Work with number systems.

Indicate the use of encoders and decoders.

Convert decimal numbers to binary and hexadecimal numbers.

Develop truth tables.

Explain how adders, subtractors, and comparators are used.

Gating and Counting Circuits

Course #: 086056
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Cite the use of arithmetic logic gates.

Work with half-adder and full-adder circuits.

Discuss the use of subtractor circuits.

Identify the applications for decade and binary counters.

Determine the modulus of a counter.

Pulse and Digital Circuits

Course #: 086057
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Analog Electronic Components (Block B23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Indicate the basic parts of a pulse waveform.

Identify the difference between limiter and clamper circuits.

Calculate the time constants for integrating and differentiator circuits.

Describe the action of trigger circuits.

Work with binary numbers.

Electronic Systems

Course #: Block B25
Duration: 48 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: In this block, the trainee will see how simple circuits are modified (enhanced, improved upon) to produce complex circuits and systems for industrial applications. This is an important subject. The trainee will now begin to see how two or more basic and complex circuits are tied together to create an industrial electronics system. The emphasis will be away from what the individual schematic looks like, but to a "functional block diagram" concept. The trainee is shown large-scale schematics of which particular functional circuits will be identified and discussed. These functional circuits are treated as "blocks," then all tied together. The courses highlight the input and output conditions of an entire system and for each functional block.
Components: Electronic Devices and Amplification (086045); Audio and RF Circuits (086046); Oscillators, Feedback, and Waveforms (086047); Electronic Power Supply Systems (086048); Industrial Amplification Systems (086058); Servo and Control Systems (086059); Pulse and Logic Circuits (086060); Programmable Controllers and Microprocessors (086061);
Special Notes: This updated course replaces Electronic Systems, Block B05. Each study unit contains a progress exam.

Electronic Devices and Amplification

Course #: 086045
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Calculate the gain of an amplifier circuit.

Calculate voltage, current, and impedance relationships in transformers.

Convert power and voltage gain to decibels.

Determine the resistance values needed in an impedance-matching pad.

Identify the characteristics of amplifying devices in various configurations.

Audio and RF Circuits

Course #: 086046
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Describe how sound intensity is measured.

Compare the advantages of AM and FM transmissions.

Describe how narrow-band FM is used in industrial communications.

Explain the advantages of coaxial cable over copper wire as a transmission medium.

Describe how pushbutton dialing can be used in industrial systems.

Explain the different methods used to assemble common-emitter amplifiers.

Oscillators, Feedback, and Waveforms

Course #: 086047
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Identify the basic types of oscillator circuits.

Discuss the various feedback circuits used in oscillators.

Identify particular types of oscillator output waveforms.

Recognize specific applications of oscillator and waveform generator circuits.

Understand how a phase-locked loop works as a frequency synthesizer.

Explain how a 555 integrated circuit timer / oscillator produces a square wave.

Electronic Power Supply Systems

Course #: 086048
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Explain the basic function of rectifiers.

Describe how half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits operate.

Determine the output voltage from various rectifier circuits.

Calculate the percentage of voltage regulation in a power supply.

Explain the operation of filters and bleeder resistors in power supplies.

Describe the purpose of a voltage divider network to the output of a power supply.

Explain the operation of electronic power supplies.

Describe the operation of several commonly used industrial power supplies.

Industrial Amplification Systems

Course #: 086058
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Recognize the difference between a power and voltage amplifier.

Work with V-MOS, BiFET, Darlington pair, push-pull, and complementary amplifiers.

How to use amplifiers to obtain the desired phase angle relationship when wiring a two-phase induction motor.

Analyze an OP-amp on the basis of the virtual ground or summing point.

Understand how an amplifier introduces distortion and noise in an amplified signal.

Servo and Control Systems

Course #: 086059
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Discuss the basic operation of servo systems.

Relate the differences between open-loop and closed-loop systems.

Identify commonly used symbols for servo system components and devices.

Point out applications of servo systems in industry.

Calculate the gain of a servo system.

List the various types of servo systems and their basic purpose or function.

Pulse and Logic Circuits

Course #: 086060
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

State the various characteristics of pulse-generating circuits.

Cite typical industrial applications of pulse generators.

Indicate the advantages of various logic families.

Discuss how digital control signals are processed.

Develop a logic diagram using typical logic gate symbols.

Programmable Controllers and Microprocessors

Course #: 086061
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: DC Principles (Block A21); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Describe the typical industrial applications of programmable controllers.

State the function of the various blocks of a microprocessor system.

Indicate typical input/output (I/O) equipment and devices.

Identify the commonly used programming languages.

Develop a simple program.

A/D and D/A Converters

Course #: VB17XX
Duration: 1.2 hours
What Students Learn: From the audio CDs we listen to, to the digital readouts on scales and automatic dash boards, Analog to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analog (D/A) devices are among the most common items that electronic technicians need to understand. In fact, A+ Certification requires electronic technicians to have a working knowledge of these devices that they can integrate into systems.
Components: The Theory Behind the Hardware (VB1701); Simultaneous or Flash A/D Circuits (VB1702); Binary-Weighted and R-2R D/A Circuits (VB1703); Stairstep, Tracking, and Successive Approximation A/D (VB1704);

Troubleshooting Industrial Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Systems

Course #: Block B26
Duration: 36 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Components (Block B23);
What Students Learn: This troubleshooting block thoroughly covers the systems encountered in a modern plant or service facility, including the many machines controlled by personal computers (PCs). Malfunctions in modern systems are more likely to be resolved by replacing an entire module or subsystem, rather than troubleshooting specific circuit boards. Plant electricians must often interface with devices that are connected to, or controlled by, PCs or programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

The block examines the industrial components used to monitor or influence the manufacturing process. Study units specifically cover troubleshooting motor control circuits, solenoids, electronic displays, sensors, touch pads and other devices that are directly or indirectly controlled by a computer's output and input signals. The last two units in the series cover the types of problems encountered by Instrumentation, PC, and Network technicians, relating to cables, connectors, power supplies and interference generated by other electrical equipment.
Components: Industrial Electronic Troubleshooting (086064); Electronic Troubleshooting of Industrial Motor Controllers (086065); Industrial Computer Networks (086069); Troubleshooting Sensing Devices and Systems (086066); Troubleshooting Industrial Control Systems and Output Devices (086067); Troubleshooting Industrial Computer Systems and Software (086068);
Special Notes: This new course replaces Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment and Systems, Block B06. Each study unit contains a progress exam.

Industrial Electronic Troubleshooting

Course #: 086064
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Components (Block B23);
What Students Learn: Preview
In a modern industrial plant, thousands (or even tens of thousands) of components work together to make a product. Many machines can now operate for long periods of time without requiring service. This is mainly due to excellent engineering and advances in metallurgy, the construction of electronic components, and the composition of lubricants. As long as proper maintenance work is performed, a machine may last for a very long time. However, it is inevitable that, at some point, one of those thousands of components will fail. A component failure will result in an equipment shutdown or a faulty product. At this time, workers with troubleshooting experience become invaluable.

A number of different skills are required to troubleshoot a machine or a piece of equipment effectively. In this study unit, students will learn about some of the more abstract troubleshooting procedures. These procedures will require the troubleshooter to collect information and focus on the failed component, not just connect a meter to make measurements.

Objectives
When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

Explain why a safety inspection is the first inspection that should be made on a failed piece of equipment.

Discuss how to make safety a part of all troubleshooting and repair procedures.

Understand how to collect accurate data on trouble clues.

Describe how to use system indicators to help you troubleshoot an electronic system problem.

List the steps for proper basic troubleshooting, such as identifying failure trends, seeking obvious causes, and circuit board swapping.

Describe how to perform advanced troubleshooting, such as using binary divide techniques and focusing on one of many failure possibilities.

List the aptitude and attitude qualities needed to be a good industrial troubleshooter.

Contents
Introduction; Using Safe Work Practices; Basic Troubleshooting Procedures; Collecting Trouble Symptom Data; Advanced Troubleshooting Procedures.

Electronic Troubleshooting of Industrial Motor Controllers

Course #: 086065
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Components (Block B23);
What Students Learn: Preview
Industrial motor controllers are widely used in industry. You are probably familiar with some of the simple devices, such as multispeed and reversing AC across the line starters or contractors, used for controlling motors. In this study unit, we will cover the more complex solid state controllers used to control a motor's position and speed.

This study unit will begin by discussing how to troubleshoot simple DC motor controllers and stepper motor control systems. These systems are often used when the speed or position of a small motor must be controlled. Although small DC motors are covered in this unit, you can apply what you learn to larger DC motors since these motors simply have larger components.

This unit will also examine the electronic troubleshooting of servo systems. This section begins with the typical industrial DC servo system where a precision DC motor can be controlled to an exact location and speed. It then covers the troubleshooting of the newer DC brushless systems.

In the final section of this study unit, it will look at the troubleshooting of AC inverter drive systems. These drive systems control AC motors.

Objectives
When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

Describe various methods of controlling the speed and direction of a DC motor.

Explain the proper steps for troubleshooting a DC motor controller.

List the various types of stepper motor drives and explain how to troubleshoot these systems.

Define how DC servo systems operate and explain the normal test points for locating faults in these systems.

List the types of adjustable frequency drives and explain how to troubleshoot their circuits.

Describe how brushless servo systems operate and how to troubleshoot various problems with these systems.

Contents
Troubleshooting DC Motor Controllers; Troubleshooting Stepper Motors; Troubleshooting DC Servo Motors; Troubleshooting Adjustable Frequency AC Drives; Troubleshooting DC Brushless Servo Systems.

Troubleshooting Sensing Devices and Systems

Course #: 086066
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Components (Block B23);
What Students Learn: Preview
Sensors are a very important part of any industrial control system. Sensors are provided to the input devices that send signals to these components responsible for monitoring and controlling an industrial system. Input devices indicate when an output device can be safely turned on and how long they should remain on.

In the past, the most popular input device was the limit switch. Although limit switches are still used, non-contact sensors, such as proximity sensors and photoelectric sensors, are becoming more common in industrial applications. Likewise, thermocouples were once popular for sensing temperature. However, modern systems may employ many different types of thermocouples, resistance temperature devices (RTDs), or even semiconductor temperature sensors. Some input devices rely on fiber optics and lasers to perform tasks. These devices and others may rely on their own small IC microchip planted within the sensor. Microchip equipped sensors can be placed on a simple four wire system along with hundreds of other sensors, allowing for a networked grouping of input and output devices.

Students will learn about different types of industrial input devices. In addition, trainees will study some troubleshooting procedures that will prove useful when one of these devices has failed.

Objectives
When a student complete this study unit, he and she will be able to:

Identify the components of a typical limit switch and describe how to test these devices.

Describe the operation of pressure switches.

Identify, the components of, and troubleshooting procedures for, temperature sensing devices and level indicators.

Describe, the operation of, and troubleshooting methods for, proximity, ultrasonic, photoelectric, fiber optic, and laser sensors.

Define the proper troubleshooting methods for sensors that are connected to input modules.

Contents:
Troubleshooting Industrial Contact Sensors; Troubleshooting Proximity and Ultrasonic Sensors; Photoelectric Sensors; Industrial Sensor Input / Output Troubleshooting.

Troubleshooting Industrial Control Systems and Output Devices

Course #: 086067
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Components (Block B23);
What Students Learn: Preview
The purpose of an industrial output device is to perform controlled work. These devices may be used to start a motor or to control the supply of pressurized air or hydraulic fluid to the actuators of a machine or a robot. In every automated industry, some type of output device controls the functions of a machine.

This study unit focuses on various forms of output devices, output modules, closed-loop systems, and human and machine interfaces. These devices and systems make up the majority of today's industrial systems. This study unit also covers troubleshooting procedures for these systems.

Objectives
When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

Describe the operation of relays and solenoids, and procedures for troubleshooting them.

Explain how to troubleshoot across-the-line starters and contractors, including solid state controlled contactors.

Explain the importance of arc suppression diodes and resistor and capacitor networks in ouput-device circuits.

Define the operation of, and repair methods for, simple numeric readouts.

Explain how DC and AC output modules operate and how to troubleshoot them.

Identify different types of closed-loop control systems and methods to troubleshoot and repair them.

Explain how to troubleshoot and repair human and machine interface systems.

Contents
Troubleshooting Output Devices; Troubleshooting Output Modules; Troubleshooting Closed-Loop Systems; Troubleshooting Human and Machine Interfaces.

Troubleshooting Industrial Computer Systems and Software

Course #: 086068
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Components (Block B23);
What Students Learn: Preview
On today's factory floor, there are a wide variety of control systems. In the past, control systems were dedicated controllers, such as a motor's speed controller or a programmable logic controller (PLC). However, the type of dedicated controller is changing. The personal computer (PC) now controls or monitors many industrial processes. The personal computers that workers encounter may be standard models or specifically designed for industrial environments.

In addition to PCs, other equipment is used to identify each part of a manufactured product and the machines that created these parts. Bar code readers or scanners, and radio frequency tag systems perform these identification tasks. Vision systems listed above also identify component parts in an industrial environment. These systems employ a camera to closely analyze a component's features. All the systems require software to run the control or monitoring operations.

Objectives
When a student completes this study unit, he and she will be able to:

Discuss the principle parts and memory types of a computer motherboard.

Identify power supply components and ratings.

Locate the main power supply fuse and identify the type of power supply by its connectors.

Identify the various types of computer drive systems and their cables.

List the repair and troubleshooting procedures for computer hardware and software problems.

Describe the operation of, and troubleshooting procedures for, optical and radio frequency identification systems.

Explain the purpose of vision system hardware and software, and the troubleshooting procedures for them.

Contents
Industrial Computer Components; Industrial PC Components; Repairing Industrial Computers; Computer-based Identification Systems; Industrial Computer Software.

Industrial Computer Networks

Course #: 086069
Duration: 6 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Electronic Components (Block B23);
What Students Learn: Preview
In industry today, the use of networks is rapidly growing. Only a few years ago, industrial networking was just in an experimental stage. Today, however, most systems are equipped with standard Ethernet connections and preconfigured network operating systems. Many forms of equipment, such as motor drives and PLCs, are able to share a network controlled by one or more large personal computers.

This study unit provides students with an introduction to industrial networks. Trainees will become familiar with the terminology and learn about the components used in these systems. Trainees will realize that industrial networking is an exciting and fast growing field.

Objectives
When a student complete this study unit, he and she will be able to:

Describe the methods of communication within networks.

Explain the configurations of various types of industrial network systems.

Identify and describe different types of network cables.

Discuss various network protocols.

Describe troubleshooting methods for networks.

Contents
Fundamentals of Industrial Communication Systems; Network Configurations; Network Systems; Network Operating Systems, Model, and Protocols; Troubleshooting Network Systems.

Basic Industrial Computer Systems

Course #: Block B10
Duration: 35 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment and Systems (Block B06); Logic Circuits (Block B08); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
What Students Learn: This block describes the types of computers used in industry and explains the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Examples of applications for each type are provided. Some typical installations are explained. Special considerations in computer selection are covered. Technical discussions include computer fundamentals, digital and analog systems, and interfacing. Principles of troubleshooting logic circuits and ICs and IC equipment are covered.
Components: Industrial Computer Fundamentals (B1001); Digital and Analog Systems (B1002); Software and Programming (B1003); Computer-Aided Control Systems (B1004); Interfacing Principles (B1005); Progress Examination Booklet (B1020); Progress Examination (B1021); Progress Examination (B1022);

Industrial Computer Fundamentals

Course #: B1001
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment and Systems (Block B06); Logic Circuits (Block B08); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
What Students Learn:

Give an overview of industrial computer uses including a history of computing in industry, analog computer development, digital logic in computer development, advent of bit-slice "microprocessors," monolithic microprocessors and LSI, and the microprocessor as the heart of the industrial computer.

Describe industrial computers: What goes on inside an industrial computer, what goes on outside an industrial computer, microcomputer on a single chip, readout displays for industrial computers, industrial computers without displays, how micro- and mini-computers suit industrial applications, and where mainframe computers fit into industrial operations.

Give examples of computers at work in industry including computer-aided design, computer-guided machinery, computer-directed research and analysis, controlling industrial and chemical processes, failure analysis and maintenance, programmable controllers for materials handling, nondestructive testing, measurements, inventory and supply logistics, and project control, reporting, and modeling.

List the software required for industrial computers and tell what is needed (for systems in the above examples), who supplies it, and requirements for writing software; explain the function of programmers, systems analysts and technicians; describe methods for developing and debugging software.

Explain the future of computers in industry.

Digital and Analog Systems

Course #: B1002
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment and Systems (Block B06); Logic Circuits (Block B08); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
What Students Learn:

Give a detailed overview of analog computer development: Describe what analog computing is - underlying principles, examples of present-day analog computers, mechanical vs. electrical analogs and how analog computers fit into industry.

Give a detailed overview of digital computer development: Describe what digital computing is - underlying principles, why digital computing has largely replaced early analog computers.

Describe the principles of control as used in industry including sensing control variables, switching control, proportional control and its variants, three-mode control, loop concepts of controlling processes, and open and closed loops.

Tell how analog control systems operate including measurement techniques, processing analog signals and applying analog control.

Tell how digital control systems operate including the nature of digital signals, converting analog measurements to digital signals, processing digital signals, applying digital control and converting digital back to analog.

Software and Programming

Course #: B1003
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment and Systems (Block B06); Logic Circuits (Block B08); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
What Students Learn:

Discuss software for industrial systems: Define software, what systems need software, and give industrial software examples.

Describe the types of industrial software: What is available, where does it originate, how to prepare your own software, ladder diagrams, BASIC-language programs, Boolean algebra for logic systems, and assembly language programs.

Identify the symbology for controller programs including: The symbols used to portray ladder logic, BASIC-(beginners all purpose symbolic instruction code), how to apply Boolean algebra principles, and how to use assembly language.

Write simple programs, using ladder logic, in BASIC, using Boolean algebra in assembly language.

Computer-Aided Control Systems

Course #: B1004
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment and Systems (Block B06); Logic Circuits (Block B08); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
What Students Learn:

Describe computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing: including what they are, who uses CAD and CAM and for what, and required hardware and software.

Give a brief history of CAD and CAM.

Explore the benefits of CAD and CAM: How they increase productivity, decrease costs, improve product quality, reduce project turnaround time and benefit personnel.

Explain how to select and install CAD and CAM systems in industry: Identify applications for CAD and for CAM in circuit board design, integrated circuit design, hardwired circuit design, generating Numerical Control data, plant design and other possibilities.

List sources of CAD and CAM information.

Interfacing Principles

Course #: B1005
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment and Systems (Block B06); Logic Circuits (Block B08); Introduction to Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry (Block X02);
What Students Learn:

Explain the concept of interfacing and tell why interfacing hardware is needed: Describe serial interfacing, parallel interfacing and input-output categories.

Understand analog to digital interfacing; explain when you need A to D, A to D methods, and applying A to D principles; describe sample and hold methods; explain why you need signal conditioning.

Identify applications (closing the loop); making measurements, controlling machines, and controlling processes.

Explain multiplexing and time sharing; tell why and when to multiplex, how to multiplex digital data and how to multiplex analog data.

Explain communications standards: Review synchronous and asynchronous data; serial RS232C, RS442, RS423; parallel S100, 6800, IEEE488, IEEE583; review ASCII; long distance communications techniques; process control loop standards; sources for communications standards.

Introduction to Microprocessors

Course #: Block B11
Duration: 28 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: This block provides an introduction to the fundamentals and uses of computers in business and industry. The trainee learns the basics of microprocessors, what they are comprised of, and how they are used in industry. Logic arithmetic, logic gates, and memory devices are described. This block describes the architecture or makeup of a microprocessor, how instruction or data enter a microprocessor, how such information is handled inside the microprocessor, and how it exists.
Components: Introduction to Computers (B1101); Introduction to Microprocessor Applications (B1102); Microprocessor Basics, Part 1: Underlying Principles and Concepts (B1103); Microprocessor Basics, Part 2: Overview of What's in a Microprocessor (B1104); Progress Examination Booklet (B1120); Progress Examination (B1121);

Introduction to Computers

Course #: B1101
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Give an overview of how computers are used in industry and business.

List the main types of computers.

Name the important activities performed by people who work with computers.

Explain how computers are selected and what must be considered before they are selected and installed.

Introduction to Microprocessor Applications

Course #: B1102
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Explain what microprocessors are and the kinds of work they do.

Tell what makes it possible for them to accomplish so much.

List some of the recent applications microprocessors are found in.

Microprocessor Basics, Part 1: Underlying Principles and Concepts

Course #: B1103
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Explain the importance of binary arithmetic in microprocessor work.

Sketch the common logic circuits.

Identify the output conditions for the different possible input conditions for logic gates.

Microprocessor Basics, Part 2: Overview of What's in a Microprocessor

Course #: B1104
Duration: 7 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Draw a block diagram of a basic microprocessor unit (MPU).

Tell what bytes and bits are and how they enter and exit an MPU.

Explain how the MPU identifies, sorts, and holds bytes.

List some of the activities of the ALU work center.

Basic Microprocessor

Course #: VS33XX
Duration: 4.63 hours
What Students Learn: This series is designed for advanced electronics workers who have a thorough knowledge of electronics. It does not assume any previous knowledge of microprocessors. The series covers number systems and binary arithmetic, basic microprocessor architecture and operation, simple programming and interface techniques. Each course also contains a real world problem that involves higher level thinking skills. This series is intended to be used as an enhancement to your industrial electronics preparation program.
Components: Number Systems and Codes (VS3301); Microcomputer Basics (VS3302); Computer Math (VS3303); Introduction to Programming: Branching (VS3304); Introduction to Programming: Algorithms (VS3305); 6800 Microprocessor (VS3306); 6800 MPU Stack Operation / Subroutines (VS3307); 6800 MPU I/O Operations / Interrupts (VS3308); Interfacing Basics (VS3309); Interfacing RAMS / Displays (VS3310); Interfacing Switches (VS3311); Interfacing Peripheral Adapters (VS3312);

Microprocessor Applications

Course #: Block B12
Duration: 96 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn: This block of instruction provides the trainee with hands-on experience with an actual microprocessor. The circuits powering the microprocessor are described and the voltages that should be measured are given for comparison. Close-up exposure to clock signals, monitor routines and handlers, ROM and RAM, and registers are obtained. Introductory knowledge of how data and information are put into and read out of, a microprocessor is provided. The principles of microprocessors is covered with numerous experiments on storing and reading programs in hexadecimal, running a program, examining RAM and ROM, writing into RAM, jumping and branching, vectoring, initializing, interrupt priorities, changing and canceling break-points, flow-charting, indexed addressing, offset functions, multiplication and division, precision adding and subtracting, and HOLD subroutine. Further discussions cover interfacing a microprocessor through serial and parallel ports, the common peripheral and accessory equipment, and interfacing with peripheral devices.

The two lessons on troubleshooting discuss both software and hardware troubleshooting. Also discussed are how to design your own diagnostic program and debugging. The use of test instruments for troubleshooting is covered, including use of the oscilloscope, logic probe, logic analyzer, signature analyzer, and digital pulser probe. The trainee is instructed on how to check out ground integrity. The trainee learns about care against static charge, especially when working around out-of-circuit MOS devices.

The final lesson covers other families of microprocessors including Motorola, Intel, and Texas Instruments. Emphasis throughout is on applying the principles while using the XK-300 Microprocessor Trainer.
Components: Working with an Uncomplicated Microprocessor, The MC6802, Part 1 (B1201); Microprocessor Programming Principles, Part 1 (B1202); Working with an Uncomplicated Microprocessor, The MC6802, Part 2 (B1203); Microprocessor Programming Principles, Part 2 (B1204); Interfacing through Serial and Parallel Ports (B1205); Troubleshooting Microprocessor Equipment, Part 1 (B1206); Troubleshooting Microprocessor Equipment, Part 2 (B1207); Other Families of Microprocessors (B1208); Progress Examination Booklet (B1220); Progress Examination (B1221); Progress Examination (B1222);
Special Notes: The hands-on applications and exercises that accompany Block B12 require the Microprocessor Trainer (XK-300).

Working with an Uncomplicated Microprocessor, The MC6802, Part 1

Course #: B1201
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Power up the XK-300 Microprocessor Trainer.

Measure AC, DC, and ripple voltage in an MPU power supply.

Trace and test Vcc and Vss and other connections.

Bring data from direct or extended addresses memory.

Set a CCR flag to force a program branch.

Decode an address and use the memory-mapping concept of in/out control.

Address either on-chip or external RAM.

Microprocessor Programming Principles, Part 1

Course #: B1202
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Convert numbers between hexadecimal, octal, and binary forms.

Follow and write simple programs in hexadecimal.

Store a program and run a program using the microprocessor trainer.

Prepare and run a program which subtracts hexadecimal numbers.

Use two's complement to find the decimal value of a negative-signed binary number.

Working with an Uncomplicated Microprocessor, The MC6802, Part 2

Course #: B1203
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Find the entry vectors for four major types of interrupts.

Arrange either a one-bit or a whole-byte prompts.

Locate output addresses in a memory-mapped MPU system.

Explain how an MPU receives binary input data from a hexadecimal keypad.

Display contents of memory chips in D5 RAM and ROM, and mapping the memory.

Use single-step execution for software debugging.

Microprocessor Programming Principles, Part 2

Course #: B1204
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Flow chart and streamline programs.

Use mnemonics, document program plans with comments.

Differentiate between effective address and object code.

Program the MPU to do advanced arithmetic.

Build a reference book of routines and subroutines.

Control program execution by judicious use of jumps and branches.

Interfacing through Serial and Parallel Ports

Course #: B1205
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Explain the difference between serial and parallel data transfer.

Memory-map a peripheral interface adapter.

Configure PIA ports for input or output or both.

Use interrupts to bring an outside task to the attention of the MPU.

Describe the concept of parity.

Explain synchronous and asynchronous events.

Input and output data in the pulse mode and the handshake modes.

Discuss how data is recorded on magnetic tape through a cassette.

Manage the protocol between MPU, line printer, and video terminal.

Troubleshooting Microprocessor Equipment, Part 1

Course #: B1206
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Arrange trial runs to judge performance and locate faults.

List four main steps in tracing a specific breakdown.

Use key test points to check software and eliminate bugs.

Design diagnostic routines that exercise various portions of a system.

Assess system operation by using breakpoints.

Discuss uses of assemblers, compilers, and interpreters.

Troubleshooting Microprocessor Equipment, Part 2

Course #: B1207
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Use test instruments for troubleshooting, including triggered and storage oscilloscope, digital multimeter, logic probe, logic analyzer, signature analyzer, and digital pulser.

Check out a microprocessor against system specs.

Tell about necessary precautions around an MPU.

Check out buses and control fines and clock.

Check out RAM and ROM keyboards, video terminals, printers, disk drives, and cassette machines.

Other Families of Microprocessors

Course #: B1208
Duration: 12 hours
Course Prerequisites: Analog Circuit Measurement (Block A23); Introduction to Microprocessors (Block B11); Basic Electronic Circuits (Block B24); Basic Industrial Math (Block X21);
What Students Learn:

Describe other popular MPUs and their special features.

Tell of unusual instructions and addressing modes.

Order and use spec sheets for MPUs and devices.

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